Chapter 4 - Periodic Table and Nomenclature

Main types of elements:

• Metals - generally hard, lustrous elements that are ductile, malleable, and conduct electricity.
• Nonmetals - generally gases or soft solids that do not conduct electricity.
• Metalloids - have properties between metals and nonmetals

Periodic law- the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic number.

Earliest version - Dimitri Mendeleev of Russia

• PERIOD - horizontal row of elements
• GROUP - families of elements in vertical columns

Groups

1. The MAIN GROUP elements - Groups IA-VIIA

• IA - alkali metals ( except for Hydrogen)
• IIA - alkaline earth metals
• VIIA - halogens

2. NOBLE GASES (Inert) - Group VIII

• These elements form few or no compounds, individual atoms in nature

3. TRANSITION METALS - Group B elements

• structural metals

4. INNER TRANSITION METALS

Nomenclature

Nomenclature (naming of compounds) - language of chemistry

Binary compound - A compound that consists of two elements

1. METAL-NONMETAL Binary

• Metals ions with ONE charge
• Metal ions with more than one charge (Transition metals)
• Polyatomic ions

2. NONMETAL-NONMETAL Binary

3. ACIDS

1. METAL-NONMETAL Binary

Metals with one charge
Cation named first (English name of metal)
Anion named second English name with IDE ending

Metals with MORE THAN ONE CHARGE

POLYATOMIC ions

2. NONMETAL-NONMETAL Binary

Writing the formula:
The nonmetal closest to the metals is listed first

Naming

1. More metallic element - elemental name
2. Second element - name of root plus ide ending
3. If more than one of each element use prefixes

(note: mono is not used for first element)

3. ACIDS

Acid - compounds that form H+ in aqueous solution

1. BINARY ACIDS - composed of TWO ELEMENTS

a. Not aqueous - name as metal plus nonmetal
b. Aqueous
hydro anion root ide

2. OXYACIDS

Same as Binary except anion

a. if anion ends in -ate use -ic ending
b. if anion ends in -ite use -ous ending